@inbook {547,
	title = {Mobile Internet Tariff Models: Technical or Political Decisions? A Costa Rican Case Study},
	booktitle = {ICT for Promoting Human Development and Protecting the Environment},
	volume = {481},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {132{\textendash}143},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {<p>We focus on the discussion about the proposal of shifting to a post paid mobile Internet tariff model based on usage, and its impact on universal use and service access for the poor sectors of the country. This proposal aims to address the problem of cellular data network saturation, by charging per downloaded kilobyte instead of allowing unlimited use. We analyze the position of important actors using the Advocacy Coalition Framework. The study reveals the absence of public policies on IT connectivity and infrastructure in Costa Rica. Based on the results, we conclude that the proposed change does not solve the saturation problem, but rather imposes limitations on access and usage for low-income people, generating social exclusion and digital divide.</p>},
	keywords = {Digital divide, E-readiness and ICT impact, ICT public policy},
	isbn = {978-3-319-44447-5},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-44447-5_13},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44447-5_13},
	author = {Castro-Reyes, Alexander and Mar{\'\i}n-Ravent{\'o}s, Gabriela},
	editor = {Mata, Francisco J. and Pont, Ana}
}
@inbook {46,
	title = {Typifying Mechanisms for Gender Digital Equity in Latin America},
	booktitle = {ICT for Promoting Human Development and Protecting the Environment},
	volume = {481},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {159{\textendash}170},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {<p>Gender digital equity in Latin America and the Caribbean is our goal. We analyze gender specific structural inequalities that constitute barriers for women{\textquoteright}s access to ICT: such as education, traditional cultural beliefs and practices, and economic inequality. We argue also that male-dominated ICT design and implementation (functionality, content, and human-computer interaction) can inhibit gender digital equity. We present a model to typify the existing mechanisms for reaching gender digital equity and propose a new mechanism: creating gender consciousness in ICT design and construction, and attracting women to the ICT field. The proposed model reflects the four mechanisms and depicts the possible means through which they can be implemented. Moreover, the model appoints actors capable of and responsible for such means. Recommendations for the ICT community regarding gender digital equity are also included.</p>},
	keywords = {Digital divide, Digital equity, ICT and gender, Inequity},
	isbn = {978-3-319-44447-5},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-44447-5_15},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44447-5_15},
	author = {Mar{\'\i}n-Ravent{\'o}s, Gabriela and Calder{\'o}n-Campos, Marta},
	editor = {Mata, Francisco J. and Pont, Ana}
}
